{"id":1461,"date":"2010-10-26T13:06:50","date_gmt":"2010-10-26T18:06:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.massfolkarts.org\/blog\/?p=1461"},"modified":"2010-10-29T10:57:31","modified_gmt":"2010-10-29T15:57:31","slug":"offerings-to-placate-the-dead","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.massfolkarts.org\/index.php\/2010\/10\/offerings-to-placate-the-dead\/","title":{"rendered":"Offerings to Placate the Dead"},"content":{"rendered":"

The days are getting shorter, the weather colder. Pumpkins are in abundance and grocery store shelves are brimming with packaged candy.\u00a0Also to be expected are skeletons and ghosts,\u00a0jack o lanterns,\u00a0gravestones on people’s front lawns,\u00a0ghoulish storefront windows, and, come Sunday,\u00a0hoards of costumed kids roaming their neighborhoods in search of treats.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Halloween has been commercialized for so long that some youngsters may not know that\u00a0this very American of holidays\u00a0has cultural antecedents around\u00a0the globe.\u00a0For example, the\u00a0ancient Celtic festival of the dead,\u00a0Samhain<\/em>, the Italian All Soul’s Day,\u00a0the Japanese\u00a0Festival of Lanterns, Obon<\/em>, the Mexican\u00a0Dias de los Muertos<\/em>, and the Cambodian Ancestor’s Day,\u00a0Pchum Ben<\/em>. Common to all of these autumnal\u00a0festivals is\u00a0the\u00a0belief that\u00a0the souls of the departed return to the world of the\u00a0living for a short period of\u00a0time. All of them also involve offerings of food. Although Halloween takes place on the last day of October,\u00a0and\u00a0Obon in late August,\u00a0the Cambodian Ancestors’\u00a0Day\u00a0usually occurs in mid-September and lasts for a lunar cycle. The latter, a 15-day observance, is regarded by Cambodians as a time to commemorate and be reunited with deceased relatives. It is an\u00a0especially important day for those with bad karma who have yet to be reincarnated and are trapped in the spirit world.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Search the internet and this desciption by Vathany Say pops up from 2003 on the Khmer Institute <\/a>website:\u00a0 “Before sunrise on the morning of the\u00a0Kann Ben<\/em> [the 14 days leading up to Pchum Ben<\/em>], special food is prepared for the ancestral spirits to enjoy. Favorite dishes of various flavors and colors are offered. They range from the simple and traditional nom ansom<\/em> (sticky rice wrapped in banana leaves with assorted fillings) to the more elaborate and rich amok<\/em> (steamed fish fillet marinated in a complex mix of spices and herbs).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

As a gesture of kindness, the hosts also prepare bai ben<\/em> (steamed sticky rice mixed with sesame seeds and then formed into balls) to be thrown into shaded areas about the temple grounds. This mixture is an offering to the hungry souls who have been forgotten or no longer have living relatives to make them offerings.”<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

This description of Cambodian foodways associated with Pchum Ben\u00a0was written about contemporary practice in Cambodia,\u00a0but it could easily apply to ritual practice here in the United States. Indeed, we observed just this sort of alimentary offering in the shaded area of the parking lot\u00a0of the\u00a0 Triratanaram\u00a0Temple <\/a>in\u00a0North\u00a0Chelmsford, Massachusetts. Founded in the 1990s, Triratanaram temple\u00a0is home to Buddhist monks in the Merrimack Valley and is an important place of worship for the Cambodian community of Greater Lowell.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0<\/p>\n

We had come to view the stupa which had been built for the Triratanaram Temple by Yary Livan and Samnang Khoeun<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

But we had no idea that our visit on September 24 would coincide with Pchum Ben. Before entering the Temple, Maya Men, an employee of the temple,\u00a0gave us a brief tour of the\u00a0grounds.\u00a0At the edge of the parking lot we noticed six plastic bowls\u00a0filled with food and incense. Maya explained that today was a special celebration – Phum Ben – the end of a two-week ritual celebration memorializing the dead. Samnang notes,\u00a0“It’s a celebration of our ancestors.” Maya adds, “It’s like Halloween. In our culture, we believe that the dead – we don’t know whether we go up or down. There are three levels to Hell. At this time of year, they let out all of the dead for 15 days. People who have committed a lot of sins, they cannot see the sun.”<\/p>\n

“Like vampires?” I\u00a0ask. “Yes. During this time, they let them out from the underworld, before sunrise. You call for them. The food is an offering to the dead – a way of placating them so they won’t cause you harm.” Indeed, these poor souls, known as Priad spirits, are said to fear light and can only recieve prayers, food, and be reunited with their living relatives during the darkest day of the lunar cycle, which is the day of Pchum Ben.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Maya explained that the monks only eat before noon. A breakfast and a lunch. We headed toward the Meditation Hall and could hear the chanting, which was amplified. Samnang explained that he would bow three times – once for the Buddha, once for the darma (the Buddha’s teachings) and once for the monks, but assured us that we did not have to,\u00a0“If you don’t believe.”<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Removing our shoes, we enter.\u00a0 Inside are monks and nuns and laity, sitting on the carpeted floor facing the abbot, Venerable Sao Khon Dhamathero. Many of the women wear white blouses adorned with delicately\u00a0embroidered white scarves. The chanting and prayers\u00a0were loud. It was difficult to hear Maya and Samnang explain what was going on and what things meant. The sweet, pungent smell of incense filled the air. At the altar were several statues of Buddha besides the main marble one from Burma. Behind this large Buddha was a round disk emitting colored flashes of light. Below,\u00a0an assortment of food and\u00a0liquid offerings included cooked rice, mushrooms and coriander, bananas, a bottle of ginger ale, and a\u00a0Starbucks Frappuccino coffee drink. A metal bowl\u00a0was filled with 49 rice balls – symbolic of the 49 days the Buddha fasted before becoming enlightened. Honey-colored, shiny paper spires reached toward the sky.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\"\"\u00a0\u00a0\"\"\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

The chanting and prayers ended soon after noon. We were invited to join everyone for lunch. We accepted, a bit embarrassed to be imposing. Everyone sat on the floor to eat, circling many bowls of various dishes – noodles, caramelized pork, vegetables, fried banana, banana leaf wrapped around bean paste and sticky rice, and soups.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

When we left, we were\u00a0offered a goody bag of sorts – two\u00a0large gold-colored shopping bags filled with what appeared to be donated food and supplies: a box of Yogi cereal, a huge bag of low-fat potato chips, flavored instant coffee, toothbrushes, toothpaste, Motrin, Dove soap, and a loaf of packaged bread.\u00a0All items had been blessed by the abbot. Leaving with the overflowing bags\u00a0was an uncanny reminder\u00a0of trick or treating, but with a Cambodian twist.<\/p>\n

All photos by Maggie Holtzberg, 2010.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The days are getting shorter, the weather colder. Pumpkins are in abundance and grocery store shelves are brimming with packaged candy.\u00a0Also to be expected are skeletons and ghosts,\u00a0jack o lanterns,\u00a0gravestones on people’s front lawns,\u00a0ghoulish storefront windows, and, come Sunday,\u00a0hoards of costumed kids roaming their neighborhoods in search of treats. Halloween has been commercialized for so … Continue reading “Offerings to Placate the Dead”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[111,4,73],"tags":[355,356,354,353,357,358],"class_list":["post-1461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-annual-celebrations","category-festivals","category-foodways","tag-all-souls-day","tag-dias-de-los-muertos","tag-diwali","tag-halloween","tag-pchum-ben","tag-samhain"],"yoast_head":"\nOfferings to Placate the Dead - Keepers of Tradition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.massfolkarts.org\/index.php\/2010\/10\/offerings-to-placate-the-dead\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Offerings to Placate the Dead - Keepers of Tradition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The days are getting shorter, the weather colder. 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