{"id":4278,"date":"2014-05-07T13:05:18","date_gmt":"2014-05-07T18:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.massfolkarts.org\/blog\/?p=4278"},"modified":"2014-05-07T13:05:18","modified_gmt":"2014-05-07T18:05:18","slug":"what-you-might-not-know-about-paper-money","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.massfolkarts.org\/index.php\/2014\/05\/what-you-might-not-know-about-paper-money\/","title":{"rendered":"What you might not know about paper money"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Paper<\/a><\/p>\n

You may have noticed from our last two posts (origami and marbled paper) that we are\u00a0somewhat preoccupied\u00a0with paper. That’s because the theme of the folk craft area at this summer’s Lowell Folk Festival is paper traditions.\u00a0We’ve been seeking out craftspeople who fold, shape, cut, or use it\u00a0as a\u00a0medium for illumination or paint.\u00a0Our travels have taken us to see origami artists Michael LaFosse and Richard Alexander of Origamido<\/a> in Haverhill, and Regina and Dan St. John of Chena River Marblers<\/a>\u00a0in Amherst,\u00a0\u00a0professional paperhanger Heidi L. Johnson in Florence,\u00a0 Mexican pi\u00f1ata maker Angela Ortiz <\/a>in Medford, and Polish wyncinanki (papercutting) Susan Urban in Springfield.<\/p>\n

In addition to featuring \u00a0folk and occupational\u00a0traditions that use paper as a medium, we hope to have people on hand demonstrating\u00a0the art of hand papermaking.\u00a0Back in February, we reached out to author Nicholas Basbane<\/a>, author of On Paper: The Everything of Its Two Thousand Year History<\/a>, who shared\u00a0all sorts of good leads. One of them was paper historian Peter Hopkins, who works at\u00a0the Crane Museum of Papermaking\u00a0in Dalton, Massachusetts. \u00a0I drove\u00a0to the Berkshires to meet with him at the\u00a0museum, which is housed in\u00a0Crane’s Old Stone Mill.<\/p>\n

\"Crane<\/a>\u00a0 \"Sign<\/a><\/p>\n

This\u00a01844\u00a0building originally served as\u00a0the rag room for the paper mill, and is located conveniently by the Housatonic River. Here, employees spent their days cutting large pieces of cotton and linen rags into smaller pieces,\u00a0preparing them to be transformed into pulp. The fast moving river water\u00a0not only served to\u00a0wash the rags,\u00a0it also\u00a0powered\u00a0the industrial machinery used in beating fibers into pulp.<\/p>\n

Sourcing cotton and linen rags remains a critical part of the manufacturing process. I had never thought about the derivation of the term “rag man,” until Peter explained the way things used to be, circa 1810. Mill owners were responsible for gathering and paying for rags from nearby towns. “Your shirt wore out, you’d use it as a rag. Rag wore out, you’d sell it to the rag man. Rag man sells it to the papermaker.”<\/p>\n

\"Mill<\/a><\/p>\n

If you are of a certain age, you\u00a0might associate the name Crane with elegant\u00a0stationery (which the company still manufactures), but it is the making of paper used\u00a0to print\u00a0currency\u00a0that is Crane’s bread and butter. Today, currency paper represents about half of Crane’s\u00a0production.\u00a0The\u00a0family\u00a0business, which dates back to 1770, is currently owned and run by the eighth generation of Cranes.\u00a0 It\u00a0has been the sole source of US currency paper since 1879.<\/p>\n

Stop and think about that.<\/p>\n

Every<\/em> single bill of US currency circulating around the globe\u00a0right now was\u00a0printed on paper made in this small corner of northwest\u00a0Massachusetts.<\/p>\n

\"Exhibit<\/a><\/p>\n

Today, Crane paper is made from waste fibers re-claimed\u00a0from\u00a0cotton ginning and\u00a0linen making operations. No trees are involved and never were. The papermaking process involves taking\u00a0a\u00a0blend of cotton and linen and literally beating them into a pulp. This takes place in a number of\u00a0large manufacturing mill\u00a0buildings on the Crane property. For demonstration purposes, Peter has some\u00a0pulp that’s being beaten in a small mechanical beater and he takes me to a nearby work room to see it\u00a0operating. We look down into the cream-of-wheat-like liquid. “At this point, the pulp is about 85% water. For papermaking, you want to dilute it to where it’s\u00a0 about 99% water. It randomizes fibers.”<\/p>\n

\"Pulp<\/a><\/p>\n

Scooping up several cups full of the pulp, he walks it over to the other side of the room where he demonstrates the process of papermaking. After dumping the pulp into a rectangular vat, he picks up a screen and dips it into the liquid pulp and then lifts it up. “Whether you do this by machine or by hand, the next step is suction.” A small vacuum sucks the water away from the screen.”When the character of this changes, that’s the scientific moment when pulp turns to paper.”<\/p>\n

\"Peter<\/a><\/p>\n

Since 1991, Crane’s currency paper is highly engineered. It is embedded with security threads, that are only\u00a0visible in transmitted light.<\/p>\n

United States paper money may not be pretty or\u00a0colorful compared to other world currency, but it\u00a0is extremely durable. In fact, specifications call for every bill to survive a minimum of 8,000 folds. “Well, Americans abuse their money, number one,” Peter points out. “Number two, it’s the world’s currency and so it has to circulate everywhere and in every kind of environment you can imagine.”\u00a0He places a sample of handmade paper in a machine he calls the “fold tester” and flicks it on. The mechanism\u00a0counts 2,700 folds before the paper tears. Next he places\u00a0a piece of regular notebook paper in — and it only survives nine folds before coming apart. Point taken.<\/p>\n

\"Paper<\/a><\/p>\n

Before my visit is over, we go over to take a look at one of the museum’s treasures —\u00a0a wonderful model of the papermaking process designed and built\u00a0by papermaking\u00a0authority,\u00a0 Dard Hunter.<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Dard<\/a><\/p>\n

I learn that, unfortunately, Peter Hopkins will not be available to demonstrate papermaking on the weekend of the Lowell Folk Festival, but he does have several suggestions about who I might contact next . . .<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

You may have noticed from our last two posts (origami and marbled paper) that we are\u00a0somewhat preoccupied\u00a0with paper. That’s because the theme of the folk craft area at this summer’s Lowell Folk Festival is paper traditions.\u00a0We’ve been seeking out craftspeople who fold, shape, cut, or use it\u00a0as a\u00a0medium for illumination or paint.\u00a0Our travels have taken … Continue reading “What you might not know about paper money”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[705,704,703,701,702,700,699],"class_list":["post-4278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-craft","tag-beaten-to-a-pulp","tag-berkshires","tag-crane-paper","tag-made-in-massachusetts","tag-nicholas-basbane","tag-papermaking","tag-us-currency"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat you might not know about paper money - Keepers of Tradition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.massfolkarts.org\/index.php\/2014\/05\/what-you-might-not-know-about-paper-money\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What you might not know about paper money - Keepers of Tradition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"You may have noticed from our last two posts (origami and marbled paper) that we are\u00a0somewhat preoccupied\u00a0with paper. 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